Goehrke Malz
Fakultäten » Philosophische Fakultät » Historisches Seminar » Osteuropäische Geschichte, Fachbereich » Prof. Dr. Carsten Goehrke (emeritiert) » Goehrke Malz
Completed research project
| Title / Titel | The constitutional evolution of the city-republic Ragusa | ||||
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| Abstract (PDF, 14 KB) | |||||
| Original title / Originaltitel | Die Verfassungsentwicklung der Stadtrepublik Ragusa | ||||
| Summary / Zusammenfassung | Though research on medieval township in Europe since the second world war has made remarkable progress, as a rule south east European territory has been neglected and has not been taken into consideration as a research section on its own right. The aim of the project is to link the town-zones of the Balkans with the occidental ones holding a city-comparative view. The investigation starts from an exceptional phenomenon, the city-state Ragusa/Dubrovnik, and goes on with the other Dalmatian cities. A glimpse beyond the Dinaric Alps will extend the view of the investigation to the Hungarian, Bosnian and Serbian towns. Rather than only comparing city-zones at one specific time, the concept of distinct networks of urban evolution from the earliest roots in the 6th show a genuine genesis of the proto-communal institution until the 11th on the Dalmatian coast. The trade and intercultural communication with Italy influenced the further evolution to an established medieval community. In relation the settlements beyond the Dinaric Alps had only an uneven development For the later period (from 13th to the 18th) the preceding concept showed a couple of drawbacks for the further investigation. It seemed more convenient to use three concepts for detailing the degree of relationship of the different towns-zones: 1. Networks, 2. The level of over regulating of justice system "Verrechtlichung” and 3. The cohesion-process to a modern society. The first results of this concept were seen in an article for the "round table” "Osteuropäische Stadtgeschichte im Vergleich”. The question of the "Modernisation” emphasised the topic of the economic development. The newest historiography has recently corrected the thesis concerning an absolute decline of the Dalmatian-economy under the Venetian-government. We can observe on a wide range an evolution of trade and financial-tools although it was only a development of quality on a low quantity level. It only transformed into a real backwardness in the 17th. The article investigated the evolution of the constitution, the justice and administration under the special condition of the Venetian-rule (stato del mar) using the concept of the over regulating of the justice system. The Venetian-state couldn’t react to new challenges. So long as the basic medieval fundaments of the state were the key to their own legitimacy, Venice couldn’t risk an internal-revolution. However the hesitant made-up evolution was not enough. What seemed to be progressive in the 14th und 15th couldn’t respond further to the requirements of a modern society. Finally the permanent wars with the Turks accelerated the backwardness. Several topics of the hitherto research in detail The research forced a reinterpretation of the postulated liberty of the towns in the 13th. The revision of the Codex Diplomaticus revealed how far the direct royal-power, the governors of the king or his authorities (Croatian princes above all the kinship of the Bribir) limited the free space of the cities for goals of its own. The powerful position of the Bribir prevented the aspirations of the higher social class only in a direct way. For the time being we can merely postulate the thesis that the powerful network of the Bribir inside the cities "noblised” the strongest township class concerning their economic position. This would allow a more detailed interpretation of the reason for the "Serrata” in the middle-Dalmatian cities Trogir, Split und Sibenik. The strong correlation between the ownership of estates – the hallmark of the new rising class – their close position to the Bribirer and the membership of the council reveals a quite distinct evolution from the "Serrata” in Venice. The "Serrata” and the economical evolution under the Venetian rule aggravated the hiatus between the nobility and the lower class. Since the 15th the political situation hasn’t been in accordance with economic segmentation anymore. Above all the several guilds supported by the Venetian government profiteered and rose up to a new powerful class beside the old nobility. The focus on the Bribir and their important role for typifying the different Dalmatian townships-areas intensified our investigation of the two central-settlements from the Bribir Skradin and Bribir. Both of them are in the hinterland and are a good starting point for glimpsing beyond the Dinaric Alps to the Bosnian and Serbian residence-city without special privileges, if we abstract the modest privileges granted to the Macedonian cities by Du_an the Great. Above all Skradin is very interesting it received a Statute of its owns 1294 – a statute following the statutes of Split and Trogir without doubt. The investigation about the Istrian city areas was very instructive because of the sharp regional fragmentation. Very different townships of a Venetian-Byzantine world border on the feudalism of the Hapsburgs and northern Italy. We have chosen an example from each of these 3 areas: Rijeka, Pula and Kastav. The results for Dubrovnik: The investigations about the collaboration of the different councils haven’t revealed new understandings. The Book of the Antunini (guild of the richest trade markers) which the historiography still hasn’t paid attention to confirmed on a wide range a recent thesis: The kinship network and a raising rank fragmentation and differentiation between nobility and lower class supported the famous social peace in Dubrovnik. As the protocols of the councils had confirmed the fact of the Serrata in the 14th, as well as the Book of the Antunini legalized this evolution in the future. We wonder if a third class rose up and caused the social freedom. |
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| Keywords / Suchbegriffe | Stadtgeschichte, Verfassungsgeschichte, Stadttypologie, Dalmatien, Ragusa | ||||
| Project leadership and contacts / Projektleitung und Kontakte |
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| Funding source(s) / Unterstützt durch |
SNF (Personen- und Projektförderung) |
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| In collaboration with / In Zusammenarbeit mit |
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| Duration of Project / Projektdauer | Oct 1999 to Sep 2001 |